Сознание и физический мир ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(Consciousness and physical world)
Сознание и физический мир. Сборник статей. Выпуск 1. Под редакцией
А.Е. Акимова. Межотраслевой научнотехнический центр венчурных
нетрадиционных технологий (МНТЦ ВЕНТ). - М.Издательство Агентства
"Яхтсмен", 1995 г. - 146 стр.
ISBN 5-86071-027-5
Наряду с кривизной важнейшим свойством пространства-времени является
также и кручение. Эта физическая идея, выдвинутая Э. Картаном, лежит в
основе концепции спин-торсионного взаимодействия (поля кручения),
активно развиваемой в настоящее время как в теоретическом, так и
экспериментальном аспектах.
На протяжении многих десятков лет проблема достоверности пси-феноменов
и возможности их научного объяснения служила предметом острых, но почти
бесплодных дискуссий. Ситуация стала меняться в последнее время. С
появлением надежных опытных данных выдвинуты и несколько теоретических
схем, претендующих на новизну в постановке психофизической проблемы.
Необычные свойства полей кручения позволяют надеяться на прогресс в
понимании природы пси-феноменов. Сборник адресован в первую очередь
специалистам в области физики, но может быть также интересен и широким
кругам научной общественности.
Содержание
Предисловие
Московский А. В., Мирзалис И. В. Сознание и физический мир
Акимов А. Е. Эвристическое обсуждение проблемы поиска новых дальнодействий. EGS-концепции
Шипов Г. И. Явления психофизики и теория Физического Вакуума......
Акимов А. Е., Бинги В. Н. О физике и психофизике
Акимов А. Е., Бинги В. Н. Компьютеры, мозг, Вселенная как физическая проблема
Рефераты статей на английском языке
Предисловие
На рубеже нашего века была выдвинута программа "сведения физики к
геометрии" (Клиффорд, Эйнштейн). Эта идея оказалась весьма плодотворной
при создании общей теории относительности: понятие кривизны
пространства-времени было сопоставлено с гравитационным взаимодействием.
Между тем кривизна пространства не единственная его характеристика, и
конструктивные возможности теории значительно расширяются, если ввести
в оборот другое геометрическое понятие - кручение. В настоящее время
усилия многих выдающихся теоретиков направлены на реализацию такого
подхода в рамках концепции спин-торсионных полей (полей кручения). Это
дает возможность рассмотреть с единых позиций целый ряд, казалось бы.
разнородных проблем. в том числе весьма далеких от тех, с которыми
имеет дело традиционная наука.
К числу последний относится и так называемая психофизическая проблема.
В некотором весьма частном и относительно новом аспекте - это вопрос о
соотношении психологических и физиологических процессов. В более
широком и изначальном смысле - это вопрос о месте и роли сознания во
Вселенной.
Поэтому термин "психофизика" применительно к обсуждаемой нами теме
может вызывать возражения. Дело в том, что начиная с конца XIX века он
по преимуществу используется для названия весьма специфического раздела
экспериментальной
психологии, изучающего, например, количественные отношения между силой
раздражителя и величиной возникающего ощущения. Между тем, все большее
число авторов использует его в гораздо более общем и верном контексте,
восходящем к изначальному пониманию психофизической проблемы. Речь
здесь идет как о феноменах, демонстрирующих роль сознания в физическом
мире, так и о попытках построения физических концепций, в которых
сознание и материя трактуются в рамках единого подхода.
На протяжении многих десятков лет проблему соотношения сознания и
физического мира принято было считать скорее философской, чем
естественнонаучной. Что же касается экспериментального ее аспекта, то
он почти всецело находится в компетенции парапсихологии, к которой
подавляющее большинство ученых относилось весьма настороженно, если не
враждебно. Многочисленные критики постоянно указывали (и не без
основания) на весьма невысокую достоверность сообщаемых данных. Ясно
было и другое: возможности современной науки явно недостаточны для
качественного объяснения псифеномена.
В последние годы ситуация стала заметно меняться. С одной стороны
усилиями многих квалифицированных специалистов (среди которых и
авторитетные физики-экспериментаторы) были проведены исследования,
удовлетворяющие самым строгим методическим требованиям. Теперь
реальность пси-феноменов можно считать таким же твердо установленным
фактом как, например, вращение Земли вокруг Солнца. Быстро растет и
понимание того, что подобные явления не есть лишь свидетельство о неких
"резервных возможностях мозга", но должны рассматриваться в гораздо
более важном контексте, а именно, как источник уникальной информации об
устройстве мира в целом. То обстоятельство, что она следует только из
опытов, в которых "неуловимый флюид" - сознание играет ключевую роль,
свидетельствует, что сознание и материя на каком-то очень глубоком
онтологическом уровне образуют единство. Этот уровень до недавнего
времени был недоступен пока никаким экспериментальным методам, кроме
тех, которыми располагает парапсихология.
В конце прошлого века перед теоретической физикой стояла проблема
соотношения двух видов материи: "грубой" (вещество) и "тонкой"
(излучение, эфир). Ясно, что будущий Великий Синтез, то есть
объединение всех известных видов взаимодействий в рамках единой
концепции, не может быть окончательным и успешным, если при этом не
будет решена и психофизическая проблема. Ведь при всей своей
экзотичности психофизические явления предоставляют собой часть
реальности, часть природы. Если традиционная физика не может объяснить
этот аспект реальности, то следовательно она просто неполна.
Необычные свойства полей кручения, следующие из теоретических
соображений и обнаруженные экспериментально, позволяют надеяться, что
именно в рамках спин-торсионных представлений в понимании
психофизических явлений может быть достигнут существенный прогресс.
Настоящим изданием Межотраслевой научно-технический центр ВЕНТ начинает
публикацию серии сборников, посвященных данному круг проблем. В первом
выпуске представлены доклады сотрудников Центра, сделанные на Российско
- Американском семинаре "Vision of the Future" (С.-Петербург. май 1993
г.).
THE CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE PHYSICAL WORLD
Collected pepers. Issue 1
Edited by A.E. Akimov. Moscow, IMS
PREFACE
In the 1920s A. Einstein advanced the program of reducing physics to
geometiy". This idea proved to be fruitful in the development of the
general theory of relativity - the notion of curvature of spacetime was
compared with the gravitational interaction.
However, curvature is not the only characteristic of the space, and the
theory becomes much more constructive if another notion, that of
torsion, is introduced. The efforts of many outstanding theorists are
directed today to realizing this approach within the framework of the
spin-torsion fields. This enables one to consider a diversity of
seemingly different problems from a general standpoint, including
problems that are far from the scope of the traditional science.
Among the last-named problems one could cite the so called
psychophysical problem. In a very special and relatively new aspect,
this is the question of relations between psychological and
physiological processes. In a wider and original sense, this is the
question of the place and role of the consciousness in the Universe.
That is why application of the term "psychophysics" to the issue under
consideration can provoke many objections, because it has been used
since the end of the XIXth c. mostly as the name of a specific section
of the experimental psychology exploring, for example, the quantitative
relations between the force of stimulus and the value of arising
sensation. Meanwhile, increasingly more authors employ this term in a
much more general and correct context ascending to the initial
understanding of the psychophysical problem. The question concerns both
the phenomena demonstrating the role of the consciousness in the
physical world and the attempts to construct physical concepts where
the consciousness and the matter are treated within the framework of a
unique approach.
Over many decades the problem of relation between the consciousness and
the physical world was regarded more as a philosophical than
natural-scientific one. As for the experimental aspect of the problem,
it almost completely lies within the realm of parapsychology, which met
with a careful, if not hostile, reception of the majority of
researchers. Numerous critics pointed out for good reason to high
uncertainty of the parapsychological data. However, it was also obvious
that modern science lacked capabilities for qualitative explanation of
the psiphenomena.
The situation began to change recently. Many qualified experts
(including authoritative physical experimenters) have carried out
research works obeying the strictest methodologital requirements. Now
the existence of the psi-phenomena can be regarded as real as rotation
of the Earth around the Sun. Awareness grows rapidly that these
phenomena are not only indicative of some "reserve capabilities of the
brain", but must be regarded in a much more important context - namely,
as a source of unique information about the world as a whole. I he fact
that it is obtained only from the experiments where the imperceptible
emanations" - the consciousness - is of primary importance implies that
the consciousness and matter make up a unity at a very profound
ontological level, which until recently was inaccessible to any
experimental methods except those of the parapsychology.
By the end of the last century theoretical physics faced the problem of
relation between two kinds of matter, "rough" (substance) and "fine"
(radiation, ether). Obviously, the future Great Synthesis, that is, the
union of all known kinds of interactions within the framework of a
unique concept, cannot be final and successful if it does not solve the
psychophysical problem.
The unusual properties of the torsion fields, which follow from the
theoretical considerations and were confirmed experimentally, give rise
to the hope that significant progress in understanding the
psychophysical phenomena can be attained precisely within the framework
of the spintorsion concepts.
This publication, by which the Center of Intersectoral Science,
Engineering and Non-Conventional Venture Technologies, VENT' opens a
series of collected books devoted to this problem, contains the
presentations of the Center's researchers at the Russian-American
Seminar "Vision of the Future" in St. Petersburg, May 1993. Our
address: CISE VENT P.B. 214. Moscow 112190 Russia.
A.V. Moskovskii and I.V. Mirzalls THE CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE PHYSICAL WORLD
In the classical science there is actually no problem of "the
consciousness and the physical world" , because the prevailing trend is
to push the consciousness outside of the scientific picture of the
world.
At the same time, rather heated discussions go on about the relation
between the consciousness and the matter in modern science. We will
identify the two most important aspects of this topic. The first one is
related to the role of observer in quantum physics. I low is the
virtual quantum world related to the macroscopic one, what makes the
potential to transform into the real? A lot of different answers to
this question have been proposed, but the standpoint of the theorists
believing that the wave package is reduced finally in the consciousness
of the observer (Wigner, Wheeler, d'Espagnal, et al.) seems to be the
most logically consistent one. Thus, the consciousness turns out to be
the most important element of the physical reality as seen by our mind.
The second range of topics concerns the possibility of scientific
explanation of the psychophysical phenomena. If one admits existence of
even a part of these phenomena as a working hypothesis, an explosive
question arises: "ls it possible to construct a scientific picture of
the world where they have a chance of being reasonably accounted for?
What is the price of making this explanation feasible in principle?"
The difficulty of the situation lies not only in the difficulty of
explaining the psi-phenomena per se, but also in the fact that their
explanation requires, at least, two pictures of the world ("the
psychophysical paradox"). For example, whereas the phenomena of
precognition (prediction of the future events) force us to regard the
world as a fixed scenario in the sense of the Wheeler-Feynman theory.
Phenomena like psychokinesis are indicative of the fact that the causal
chains of the world are far from being continuous and admit some
volitional interference.
In an effort to solve this contradiction, we consider the heuristic
potentialities of our previously proposed world model, which combines
two approaches - the concept of Everett and the modern theories
action-at-a-distance. The set of possible combinations of the Universes
makes up a continuum of equivalent Everett copies, of which each is a
Wheeler-Feynman world. The consciousness, which can "move" both along
the field lines - this corresponds to the natural course of time and
causality- and across them, is an essential element of this world. In
the context of this model, we also discuss the well-known phenomenon of
retroactivity (action upon the past events) studied by
H. Schmidt.
The physics of the XXth century began with the fundamental assertion
that the four space-time axes make up the framework of the world. It
seems that increasingly significant evidence in favor of
substantionality of the consciousness is the most striking event of the
century's end. Therefore, the key words of the future science are
space, time, and the consciousness.
A.E. Akirnov
HEURISTIC DISCUSSION OF SEARCH FOR NEW LONG-RANGE ACTIONS. THE EGS-CONCEPTS.
As is well known, it is difficult, if possible, to explain the
psychophysical phenomena from the standpoint of the existing paradigm.
The amount of nonexplained physical phenomena is considerable, the gray
areas covering the territories of the micro- and macro-worlds. The
following list is far from being exhaustive: conducted by A. Krish
experiments with spin-polarized photons: the experiments of A. C. Tarn
and W. Happer with circular polarized laser beams: the experiments with
gyroscopes varying their weight during rotation; the experiments of N.
Kozyrev, M. Lavrent'ev and their collaborators in registration of
superluminous signals, and other experiments, which find no explanation
within the framework of the standard theories. One can often see that
these physical phenomena share many traits with the psychophysical
ones. Therefore, the assumption that an explanation of the seemingly
heterogeneous facts should be looked for in the context of a new
physical paradigm seems to be quite reasonable.
Analysis of the physical phenomenology has demonstrated that the
unusual behavior of spinning objects is their common feature. If the
torsion fields are treated as generated by the classical spin, their
unusual behavior could be attributed to the manifestation of
spin-torsion interactions. Consideration of the spin systems of living
organisms can provide a sufficiently substantiated explanation for many
psychophysical phenomena. Here are the properties of the torsion fields
that suggest that such an explanation could prove successful: the
potential of a torsion source is independent of distance; the torsion
fields generated by spinning objects feature axial spatial symmetry;
the group speed of torsion waves is much higher than that of light and
its lower bound is estimated as IO^c; torsion radiation is not
attenuated (screened) upon passing through natural media; the
spin-polarized media, including the Physical Vacuum, generate stable
spin (torsion) phantoms owing to the spin-torsion interactions; and all
organic and inorganic objects have their own characteristic torsion
fields. The existing industrial sources (generators) of torsion
radiation have enabled investigation of the effect of static torsion
fields and wave torsion radiation on various physical, chemical, and
biological objects as well as simulation of some psychophysical
phenomena. The last-mentioned studies have corroborated the torsion
nature of the psychophysical phenomena. The starting point of these
experiments was awareness of the fact that, in contrast to the case of
spinning source without radiation, for a spinning source with radiation
the theoiy does not require that the constant of spintorsion
interactions be necessarily small. The design of the experiments and
their interpretation were made sufficiently clear owing to the
developed phiton model of Physical Vacuum and to the fact that the
physical fields were considered as different polarization (phase)
states of the Physical Vacuum. The concept of brain as a spin glass of
a kind was an important outcome of the studies. In distinction to the
standard model, however, the brain is represented as a spin torsion
system of nonmagnetic nature. Here, the brain is simultaneously a
torsion receiver and torsion transmitter. The experimental data have
confirmed high predictiveness of the torsion and Physical Vacuum
theories.
G.I. Shipov
PSYCHOPHYSICAL PHENOMENA AND THE THEORY OF PHYSICAL VACUUM
The psychophysical phenomena constitute a part of reality, a part of
the Nature. If traditional physics cannot explain them, it follows
only that it is incomplete and that a new physical paradigm is
required. The theories of Physical Vacuum and of torsion fields, which
are being actively developed today, provide precisely this new paradigm
as a natural and logical continuation of the present science. They
explain the Nature in its entirety and do not overlook the
"inconvenient" phenomena.
We introduce the notion of seven levels of reality such as solids,
liquids, gases, plasma. Physical Vacuum, primary torsion fields, and
the Absolute "Nothing". The notions of the traditional Physical Vacuum
and of the Empty Space, which is understood by the Oriental philosophy
as the basis of all existence, are regarded as descriptively equivalent.
The Physical Vacuum is the first principle of all kinds of physical
fields. The problem of constructing a unique theory of field is solved
within the framework of the Clifford-Einstein program ofgeometrization
by including geometrization of spin. The basic relations required for
solution of this problem are expressed as the structural Cartan
equations in the Weizenbeck geometry of the absolute parallelism. In
this case one can describe an infinite empty space (different states of
the Physical Vacuum) featuring a pseudo-Euclidean geometry, where the
torsion and curvature are equal to zero (the Absolute "Nothing"). To
order this Absolute "Nothing", "primary consciousness" capable of
understanding the Absolute "Nothing" is required. In physical terms,
the field of the consciousness can be modeled by the the torsion fields
as material carriers of the field of the consciousness. Here, the
structural Cartan equations for the Absolute "Nothing" pass into the
form describing dynamics of the primary torsion fields. The vortices
occurring in the Physical Vacuum as a result of torsion fields arc the
information carriers. Torsion fields cany information at a superluminal
speed without carrying energy and propagating in the domains of both
the future and the past. Following P. Penrose, one can represent the
vacuum equations, including those of the primary torsion fields, in the
spinor form and obtain a system of nonlinear spinor equations for
two-component spinors playing the role of the potentials for torsion
fields. Vacuum equations and their precise solutions can describe the
quantum and classical particles, both charged and neutral.
Additionally, equations are obtained involving imaginary and negative
masses and charges moving back in time with superluminal speeds.
Psychophysical phenomenology can be most adequately described by these
properties of torsion fields. Within the framework of the formulated
concepts, torsion fields are identified with inertia fields, which
enables one to formulate a physical approach to explanation of the
telekinetic phenomena. Teleportation may be related to the possibility
of "going into the Vacuum" or "coming out of the Vacuum" by acting
through the field of the consciousness on the critical (bifurcation)
points of the Vacuum where all levels of reality simultaneously
manifest themselves in virtual manner.
A. E. Akirnov and V. N. Binghi ON PHYSICS AND PSYCHOPHYSICS
Along with curvature, the space-time geometry also admits the property
of torsion. By now the effects of the torsion field (TF)- unusual
behavior of the particles with spin in the torsion spaces - have been
predicted and are investigated in more detail. At the same time, both
traditional physics and psychophysics have obtained experimental data
indicative of long-range actions of unknown nature. These data can be
explained within the framework of the theories of torsion fields and
spin-torsion interactions. The present work proposes to use the TF
concept to explain the psychophysical phenomena. A hypothetical
mechanism of interaction between the torsion field and the processes of
the consciousness is considered. Relations between the notion of
torsion field and the categories of material and ideal are discussed.
Since spin is regarded as the source of TF, it is the spin system that
must be TF-sensitive. A complex nonequilibrium spin structure having
many states that are energy-close can accumulate the action of TF up to
a macroscopically perceptible level. The spin subsystems of the nuclei
of some of the associated liquids, water inclusive, are known to be
comparatively weakly related with thermal oscillations. The same holds
for small atomic groupings inside the biophysical macromolecular
globules. These states of the nuclear spin degrees of freedom might
serve as sensitive TF probes and, at the same time, affect to some
extent the course of biochemical processes. There is good reason to
believe that the brain neurons feature such biophysical structures.
Importantly, neurons are united into a neural network and operate
cooperatively. This fact enables one to relate the different states of
the neural network to different physical organizations of the subsystem
of spin-active sites of neurons and, therefore, to different TF
configurations. The states of the brain neural network at the level of
subjective reflexion are associated with appearance of the thinking
images or the ideal objects of the consciousness. A model of neural
network is discussed consisting of elementary neurons whose biological
states are related to the physical states of their spin subsystems
acting, in their turn, as a TF transceiver, This model accounts for
many psychophysical phenomena.
Reality of these phenomena also implies reality of interaction of the
ideal and material objects. Obviously, the carrier of this interaction
must have both material and ideal properties and also be a real-world
object. It is precisely the torsion fields of complex configuration
that satisfy these conditions. By virtue of nonlinearity of the TF
equations for the sources with radiation, a part of TF configurations
appearing during reflection of ideas prove to be stable and exist
independently as torsion phantoms, that is, objects that are both
material and ideal.
It is not surprising that, like any sufficiently profound physical
theory, the TF theory, which deals with the spatial-temporal geometry
of the world, touches upon the foundations of scientific world-outlook.
A. E. Akirnov and V. N. Binghi
COMPUTERS, BRAIN AND UNIVERSE AS PHYSICAL PROBLEM
Analysis of a seemingly pure scientific and technical problem -
estimation of the feasibility of overcoming the quantum limits that
handicap a breakthrough in computer performance - has unexpectedly
provided an insight into some psychophysical and parapsychological
problems. Development of the computer from the first, tube-based
machines to the modern ones has been traced. Comparison is based on the
power (M) of the computing medium characterized by the spatialtemporal
switching density and ranging from M~'10^ for the tube computers to
M-"10^ for the modern ones. The today microminiaturization has actually
reached the quantum limits confining computer performance to M~W". It
seems unlikely that mole-cular electronics will make it possible to
exceed the power of computing medium over M~10^. The optical computers
feature the same value of M, The problem of overcoming the quantum
limits of the computing facilities is primarily the problem of
theoretical physics, the more so because the origin and validity
boundaries of the quantum-physical postulates are not clearer today
than at the time of the discussions between A. Einstein and N. Bohr. If
such specific material medium as the Physical Vacuum (PV) is employed
in computers instead of the matter (e. g., semiconductors), then, by
relating the speed of light and the Planck length we can estimate the
power of com-puter facilities based on this medium as M = c/L" -10"".
As compared to the existing limitations, computer facilities featuring
such performance would surpass the wildest imagination. Development of
such computing facilities would be much more than a simple breakthrough
into the next generation of computers.
The traditional ideas about the Physical Vacuum are based on quantum
electrodynamics, but this approach can be further extended. As G. 1.
Shipov has demonstrated, if within the framework of the
Clifford-Einstein program of geometrization the Vacuum is described in
terms of not only the Riemann curvature, but also the Cartan torsion, a
wide range of PV torsion properties can be obtained. Besides the strict
approach of G.l. Shipov, a phenomenological model of the Physical
Vacuum also can be constructed, which enables one to interpret all the
fields as polarized (phase) states of the PV, which is PV is regarded
here as a medium consisting of specific elements, "phitons" that have
at least two metastable spin states - S^ and S" in other words, they
can be regarded as binary elements. In distinction to the
microelectronics, these binary elements seem to have parameters not
inferior to the Planck ones- the time of switching 10'^ sec and the
linear dimension 10'" cm. If we take into consideration that there are
good theoretical and experimental reasons to believe that the speed of
torsion signals is much higher than that of light, the power of such a
Physical Vacuum-based spin (torsion) computer will be of the order of
M~10'". Dwelling on the Little-Hopefield model of spin glass, which
describes the brain mechanisms, and on the notion of the classical
spin, we can regard operation of the brain as reception and
transmission of torsion signals.
Taking into account the ability of torsion radiation to spin-polarize
the Physical Vacuum, we can hypothesize that binary spin polarization
of the PV in the pericerebral space enhances dramatically the
information-processing (computational) potentiality of the brain. From
the standpoint of this approach, thinking is realized in a space much
larger than that occupied by the brain proper, and execution of
computations, then, turns out to be much faster than it would be
possible taking into account the low relaxation speed of the brain
cells. In particular, this explains why some people calculate faster
than computers. The torsion concept of the brain mechanisms provides a
natural and consistent physical ground for explaining perceptive
transmission of information (Puthoff, Targ, and Jahn). If we consider
the Physical Vacuum as a universal material medium of the entire
Universe and take into account that the PV elements have the properties
of the binary ones, we can render a rather clear physical sense to the
philosophical concepts ascending to the Vedic knowledge and using
notions such as God, the Absolute, or the Universe as a supercomputer,
where the Universe was regarded as having Superintelligence. If the
computer realized with the PV spin structures is considered as a
torsion computer (TC) operating within the entire space of the
Universe, the Superintelligence of the Universe (God, the Absolute) can
be treated as a supercomputer, which enables one to give a convincing
explanation to the psychophysical phenomenology related to these
notions.
Taking into consideration that the field processes of human thinking
and consciousness and of the Superintelligence of the Universe are of
the same physical character, it would appear reasonable that the human
brain is incorporated in a natural manner into this field
Superintelligence as its integral part. This approach offers a means
for investigating at the physical level numerous psychophysical
phenomena such as clairvoyance (precognition), for example. There was
no difficulty in obtaining sufficiently clear - at least, at the level
of physical models - answers to the questions about analysis of the
human creative activity, which were formulated by P. Penrose who
concluded that there might exist an external bank of data, from which
new knowledge is drawn out.